747 PRECISION SIMULATOR MANUAL MANUAL
So this could lead to a conclusion that more manual flying is necessary for us to maintain both the motor skills and especially the cognitive skills associated. When automation failures occur, we might end up being too busy flying the aircraft, not leaving room for the cognitive process in regards to navigation, failure recognition and diagnosis, that are vital in this situation. In this state, a transition into manual flying due to failure might be challenging. This could suggest that for a human it can be hard to engage to the monitoring part during all the time. The NASA study revealed that during flights with automation, pilots' thoughts were unrelated to task 20% of the time. Do we actively monitor, as in continuously checking the aircraft position in regards to the automation, or do our thoughts wander when automation is selected? It seems, however, that cognitive skills of monitoring and situation awareness are more dependent on our state of mind. So this study suggests, that if you have been trained properly in your manual flying skills, they will not decay, but some “rustiness“ might occur.
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Cognitive skills: Such as navigation and failure recognition and diagnosis, are prone to forgetting and may depend on the extent to which pilots follow along when automation is used to fly the aircraft.Hand - Eye skills: If initially well learned, are reasonably well retained after prolonged use of automation.The finding proclaimed: “Pilots sometimes struggled to maintain the cognitive skills that accompany manual flying such as awareness of the aircraft's position and recognizing instrument system failure”.
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In a NASA study from 2014, “The retention of manual flying skills in the automated cockpit”, 16 active 747-400 pilots were tested on the following parameters: 1) Hand - Eye skills: Instrument scanning and manual control 2) Cognitive skills: Navigation and failure recognition, diagnosis. But does the automation flying actually lead to motor skill degradation, or are there also other factors at stake? FAA report after the accident stated: “Concern in future Flight Safety issue of Man- Machine, due to the over reliance on Autopilot and Automation.” The FAA estimates that automation is used 90% of the time, leaving only 10% for the manual flying. An airline policy of recommending automation flying, due to cost efficiency seemed to play a role in how much manual flying was conducted. The lack of understanding the automation selection and the transition to manual flying were acknowledged as a fatal cause of the accident.ĭespite highly experienced pilots, the actual flying hours of manual flying turned out to be significant lower. Yet, no one questioned the aircraft state, in regards to the automation mode selected, before it was too late.
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Maybe even to a point, where we might start to consider: Is the automation on the flight decks today, a “nice to have”, or has it become a “need to have”? What happens when automation fails? Are the pilots actually able to maintain their manual flying skills, and manage attention when juggling concurrent task demands?ĭuring the Asiana 214 flight in San Francisco (U.S.) on July 2013 - where Boeing 777 impacted the ground before the runway - the flight deck was occupied by three pilots. Aircraft design and the operational use of automated systems have been continuously improved and advanced to assist the pilots in the "Man - Machine" environment. 2017 was claimed as the safest year in Commercial Jet Aviation in terms of casualties.